Tuesday, 3 November 2009

One Day Lip-Sync Project

Task 1 - Purpose of Music Videos

A music video is a short film or video that includes a complete piece of music or song, by a band or artist. Although music videos go back much further, In 1981 The U.S video channel, MTV was launched for the very first time. By the mid 80’s, MTV grew very popular, which made music videos contribute a huge part in the music industry.

Music videos are made for an audience’s entertainment, but there are many other purposes for making one. In modern music videos, they are purposely created to use as a marketing method. This is intended to promote an artist or song/album, and even to promote the record label. Although, the primary reason to why music videos are created, is to present a particular artist or bands’ talents and promote their unique image. This then captures the intended target audience, which attracts them to purchase the artist’s/ band’s music, not only now, but in the future too. Lady Gaga is a perfect example of expressing her image and personality into her videos. Creating a memorable visual for the song increases its chances to sell.

An effective music video also assists the artist to become very successful. For a music video to be successful, it needs to be eye-catching and also importantly needs to keep the audience’s attention. Eye-catching music videos don’t have to include the artists or bands dancing amazing routines, they could simply include animation. For example, videos with an interesting narrative (story), attracts the target audience and maintains their attention. A very good example of a successful music artist, promoted by a number of successful music videos was Michael Jackson. His short films not only included eye-catching, effective narratives, but also included amazing dance routines, which got the whole world talking about. From this, his music career was very successful, as he still holds the record of the World’s Best Selling Album (Thriller) of all time.

From this, music videos have a very important purpose in the music industry, as they carry success and profit along with them.

Michael Jackson - Thriller (Full music video)

Task 2 - Contemporary Music Video Research


THE CHEMICAL BROTHERS - 'THE SALMON DANCE'
Record label: Freestyle Dust - Virgin Records
Video Production: Astralwerks
Released: September 2007
Genre: Hip-hop/ Electro beat
Length of video: 4mins 10 secs

In this music video, we see a boy (played by British actor, Rory Jennings) [2] looking into a tank of singing and talking fish. It features vocals by American rapper, Fatlip [3]. This is the sixth Chemical Brothers music video, which has been directed by Nick Goffey and Dominic Hawley [1]. It received a nomination for the Best Video at the 2007 MTV EMA Music Awards [2]. This is the second track released form their album, 'We Are The Night'. The track reached no. 27 in the UK Top 40 [4].

Mise-En-Scene

• In the opening scene, we first see Rory Jennings in tatty casual clothing lying on a bed. Bright yellow lighting lights up the scene. He gets up an walks into a dimly lit room, towards a fish tank, which is illuminated by 12 bright spot lights directed on the wall behind.
• The scenes are all within this one room, but a combination of two locations at once; the dimly lit room and the fish tank. The rooms lighting remains constant throughout the music video.
• There is also one shot looking outside, where the street is lit by the moon light.



Cinematography

Throughout the music video, shot sizes change regularly. We see WS’s of the fish tank, then cutting into CU’s of the singing CGI fish. Occasionally the fish swim towards the camera into a CU shot. We also see Rory Jennings in various shot sizes. One good example is a CU shot of him, behind the sofa looking into an empty space, which we know he’s looking at the tank, but we can’t see it.

CU shots are mainly in shallow focus. Pull focus is used on two occasions, both when Rory is looking straight into the fish tank; our viewpoint is within the tank.

Length of the shots varies considerably throughout, with no pattern. The quicker shots are mainly CU’s, and longer shots are used for moments of significant special effects. For example, the fish forming different shapes.

Camera angles changes were generally not needed, except for the shot of rising cars. The camera starts at a high angle but this changes to a low angle shot, as the camera tilts to follow cars.

Editing

• Continuity editing is used in this video; movement and speed are mostly the same.
• In this video, there is the editing technique of sped up shots. One clear example is when the sea horses are in a line and zoomed in the video, but sped up considerably.
• No transitions are used in the video.

Special Effects

This video relies on the many special effects for its impact on the audience. The most obvious special effect used throughout the video is CGI of the fish, lip-syncing to the lyrics, which is highly amusing to the audience. Another eye-catching example is the many fish forming different shapes. Other effective CGI used, were to show the cars flying towards the moon and the breathing sofa. This engages the audience well, with these unusual CGI’s.

Relationship between lyrics & visuals

The video also relies on a very close relationship between the lyrics and visuals, since it revolves around the lip syncing of the CGI fish. The fish ‘Fatlip’ narrates the story of the Salmon Dance, and included lyrics from the salmon ‘Sammy’, which tells an intriguing story. Lyrics and visual relationships are also demonstrated in other ways, such as when ‘Fatlip’ says “Sammy the salmon”, we then see a CU of the salmon. Also with the line, “Gravitational pull of the moon”, the shot then changes to the camera zooming in on the moon, as the cars are pulled towards it.

Relationship between music & visuals

• The fish movements are generated to be in time to the beat of the music occasionally. For example, two fish appear to the exact timing to the beat. Also, the puffer fish, cleverly expands and is beat boxing to the beat of the song.
• The video changes with the pace very well. In one scene many seahorses are used as dancers, their smooth synchronized movements go along with the music.
• As a techno sound is heard, we see the fish form shapes; one shape being a sine wave flowing to the sound.

Close up of artist and star image motifs.

Since the artist does not star in the video, the record company has looked to sell the track to its target audience by, producing a fun and appealing video. By the use of CGI, which relates to the song title and lyrics, this is very different to most other music videos. This video does relate to other CB videos, because they do not appear in them; they use actors to play out the character instead.

Narrative – Performance/Concept based

The video is performance and concept based because, we have the story being told by ‘Fatlip’ with many other fishes performing dance pieces. The concept being that the idea relates to the lyrics and visuals.



In conclusion, the music video promotes the artist and song very well because it keeps the viewer entertained throughout. The CGI fish are quite comical; there is an amusing relationship between lyrics and visuals. Overall, various methods of cinematography and special effects engage the audience’s attention successfully.

The Salmon Dance - Bibliography

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_%26_Nic
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Salmon_Dance
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatlip
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chemical_Brothers_discography



KATY PERRY - 'HOT 'n' COLD'
Record label: Capitol Records
Video Production: Frank the Plumber Productions
Released: September 2007
Filmed: LA, USA
Genre: Pop
Length of Video: 4mins 45secs

In this music video, we see a Groom (played by Alexander Rodriguez) [1] having visions while taking the Vows. The song is performed as we see him backing out and then having visions of being chased by the bride (Katy Perry) across the town. Filmed in LA, this is the first of Perry's music videos to be directed by American, Alan Ferguson. [2]It is a low budget promo but will keep the audience captivated, as a story is being told in a simple, effective way. This video also received a nomination for the Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Music Awards [3]. This is the second single from Katy Perry's successful debut album, 'One Of The Boys, and this track has reached the top 10 in charts around the world [1].




Mise-En-Scene

The opening scene of the promo video is set in a Wedding Chapel, with a WS of a wedding taking place. It then cuts into CU shots of the Bride, the Groom and the Pastor all dressed in traditional wedding outfits. This scene is spoken for the first 30 seconds and as the music starts, coloured flashing lighting is introduced to the scene, coming through the Chapel windows.

1min 10 sec: This scene commences as the Groom is filmed running from the Chapel down a street, followed in quick pursuit by the bride. He collides with several people and objects, with the most amusing character being a man dressed up in a Hot Dog costume. As Katy Perry runs, she throws away the skirt of her dress and jumps onto a bike, which is picked up at the end of this scene.

1min 40 sec: This scene begins as Alexander runs into a Dark Alley full of people bobbing to the music, where he is carried head high towards Katy Perry on a stage. This dark scene is lit with flashing red lighting and Perry is now seen in a red outfit. The director highlights this with ECU’s of her costume and her Diesel branded sunglasses.

2min 10sec: The scene starts with Alexander running again into a different location; this being an empty warehouse lit by its natural lighting. In this location, Katy Perry is back in her wedding costume. 8 female dancers also join her wearing tatty wedding dresses, all with smudged eye-make up, to demonstrate they had been crying. The brides are filmed sitting on a car, dancing with baseball bats. Finally at the end of the scene, chasing the Groom on bikes. No doubt a frightening experience for Alexander, the viewer sees him at the end of the scene possibly having second thoughts about marrying his bride, as he looks at CU shots of a crying Katy Perry on his Nokia mobile phone.


3mins 10secs: The Groom again begins the scene, which keeps the flow of the video. This time, he runs onto an open street area, lit by natural lighting again. He encounters Perry and a dozen street dancers, but this scene is noticeable for its sudden costume changes. Everyone is wearing street clothing and Katy Perry wearing heavy green eye-makeup. Flashbacks of previous locations are presented in this scene, along with Perry’s previous costumes. Throughout all the frames, the Groom has remained in his wedding tuxedo. The scene finalises with possibly the most memorable and most talked about part of the whole video. We see the Groom lying on the ground; Perry back in her wedding costume walks up to him with a zebra. The scene ends with a quick fading transition, as Alexander closes his eyes in disbelief.

4mins 10sec: The final scene starts with a CU as Alexander open his eyes, and the audience is transported back to the wedding Chapel. The Vows are completed and the video ends with a WS of the Bride and Groom running down the aisle happily.

Cinematography

There are various shot sizes and camera angles throughout the video. We start with a WS in the Chapel with quick interchanging Close Ups of the main characters as the scene unfolds. As the music starts, there are shot size and camera angle changes such as, over the shoulder and low angle shots of the bride and groom. As Katy & Alexander progress through the video, the Close Up shots of them are very quick and mostly under 1 second, although there are some 2-3secs Close Ups of the Groom when he’s changing his mind. For example; when KP stands over him with the zebra! Extreme Close Ups are included on 3 occasions. 2 of these to possibly highlight brand names as we clearly see the brand Diesel on the ECU of Katy’s sunglasses and The Nokia phone used by Alexander.

The close up shots throughout the video are in shallow focus. All of the WS & MS are in deep focus, most noticeable as we clearly see a moving inflatable character in the background of the street-dancing scene.
High angle shots are used well to emphasize key moments in the video, two of these being when we look down inside the chapel. These WS’s clearly sets the scene. There was also a moment in the third scene where the camera angle looked down onto Alexander, being carried head high towards the stage giving a feeling of his helplessness in running away. The low angle shot of him looking up at the zebra, gives the impression that by then the running is over!

Length of the shots is used very well to give the video a quick moving feel to it. The shots of Perry chasing Alexander are no more than 2 seconds between shots. Speed and movement is achieved by even quicker shots, under 1 second in dancing scenes. As the music slightly slows down nearer the end of the video, some shots do lengthen to 2-3 seconds, this is noticeable in the flashback scenes. Although there is a lot of running and chasing in this video, this is achieved by the quick interchanging shots. Camera tracking is used only twice as we follow them running.

Editing

· Good Continuity Editing, the story flows clearly from one shot to another with movement and action seemly continuous.
· Close Up shots of Katy and Alexander, face to face had good eye line match
· In the cut away shot of Alexander’s mobile phone, we see Katy crying on the screen. This gives the audience the impression that the Groom may feel guilty about running off.
· The editing of the interchanging quick CU shots portrayed the tension and pace needed to fit the pace of the music.
· At the end of the video, a fade out transition is used to portray a happy ending.

Relationship between lyrics & visuals

· The line “You Change Your Mind, Like a Girl Changes Clothes” is illustrated by Katy as she pokes Alexander on the word “You” at the beginning of the video. In the street-dancing scene, we see Katy in a new costume when she sings “Like a Girl Changes Clothes”.
· The line “Its Black and Its White” is visualised more than once by edits between the Groom wearing black and the Bride wearing white.
· We see Alexander running ‘out’ of the Chapel to the lyrics “You’re in and You’re Out”.
· As Katy Perry sings the lyrics “Always Speaks” she gestures hand speaking movements to Alexander.
· To engage the audience, Katy Perry and the other dancers point straight at the camera, when she shouts “You” in the warehouse scene, Occasionally the dancers in the warehouse scene dance to the rhythm/timing of the lyrics.

Relationship between music & visuals

· In the opening sequence Katy Perry shakes her head to the exact timing of the beat when the music starts. This is relevant to the audience, as it looks like she’s saying no to Alexander’s indecision.
· In the warehouse scene the video cuts to the beat of the music. The shots change to the exact timing of the beat, as the camera films the dancers.
· As the music slowed down in the street-dancing scene the shots were much slower.
· In the stage scene, the drums in the music are clearly highlighted as a musician is shown playing the drums. Other musicians were also filmed on stage, which timed with their instruments in the music.

Close up of artist and star image motifs

· The record company looks to sell the track to its target audience by producing a fun and appealing video, as achieved by the artist’s first video.
· The artist is being represented in this video, as a person who gets what she wants using mixed emotions.
· The video relates closely to her previous video as there are many different costume changes in both. Both points above could also be used to describe her previous work.

Performance/ Concept – Based & Narrative

The video is a circular performance-based narrative, as the start and end of the video highlights the same plot, but with different outcomes. It is also a performance-based video because the audience visualises eye-catching dance routines, and the video includes acting through out.

·

In conclusion the music video promotes the artist and the song extremely well because it keeps the viewer entertained and engaged throughout, by interesting relationships between the lyrics and visuals, and an interesting story line with moments of unexpected happenings. I think it will fulfil the expectations of the artist’s audience very well, as the video portrays Katy Perry as an exciting and energetic artist, who is both funny and lively. The characters are made interesting without the need of special effects. Overall this pop video brings out the lyrics of the song very well, first time listeners will immediately pick up key lines.

HOT N COLD - BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_N_Cold
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy_Perry_discography
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards

Task 3 - Music Video Director Research

JOSEPH KAHN

I have chosen to research the notable American music video, advertising and feature film director Joseph Kahn.

Joseph Kahn is of Korean American ancestry, he was born 12th October 1972 in Jersey Village, a suburb of Houston Texas. There he was raised and educated and he graduated from Jersey Village High School in 1990.
Joseph Kahn began his directing career in his teens, shooting skateboarding videos of his friends. He also had a passionate interest in comic books, pop culture, television and movies.
He enrolled at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 1990. While there he directed his first music video. He dropped out of university after one year to direct hip hop music videos.

His Career

Joseph Kahn’s career delveloped quickly after he dropped out of university,
Within two years he had made dozens of low budget videos where he developed his self-taught filmmaking skills, acting as his own cinematographer, editor, and production designer. This work launched him to the forefront of a new generation of emerging directors. He became highly sought after in the music video industry and in 1995 he moved to Los Angeles. His reputation and work grew as he directed a diverse range of music videos for many recording artists. His success continued as he collected multiple Music Video Production awards. He has won several MTV Video Music Awards, for Best Video of the Year (1998) for Brandy & Monica "The Boy is Mine", and (2004) Britney Spears "Toxic". In 2002 he won his first Grammy for Eminem's "Without Me" video which also won the MTV VMA's Best Video of the Year, as well as best director. His video for Muse "Knights of Cydonia" won the 2006 Los Angeles Film Festival Audience Award. In 2009 he won two more MTV Video Music Awards, Britney Spears "Womanizer" won Best Pop Video and Eminem's "We Made You" won Best Hip Hop Video. Today he is credited with launching and expanding the careers of many of his artists.

His Work

Joseph Kahn has worked with diverse artists such as, Mariah Carey, Katy Perry, Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake, Janet Jackson, Lady GaGa Black Eyed Peas, Kelly Clarkson, Jamiroquai, Nelly, Destiny's Child, Eminem, Ashlee Simpson, Muse, Ciara, Monica, Courtney Love, Rob Zombie, Aerosmith, Backstreet Boys, U2, George Michael,The Chemical Brothers, Blink 182, TLC, Moby, KoRn, Faith Hill, BoA, Gwen Stefani, Brandy, Pussycat Dolls, Sun Ho, Busta Ryhmes, Garbage and many more.


In 1999, Joseph Kahn started his own production company, Supermega, which is now housed under HSI Productions. He has also directed many commercials for companys including: Bacardi, Coors Light, Budweiser, Miller, Vodafone,T-Mobile, British Telecom, Hewlett Packard, BMW, Renault, Mazda, NASCAR, Saab, Ford and PlayStation. He currently produces his work using Avid editing suites; these are portable systems which he and his assistant Chris Abel use at home or on location.


In 2004, he made his feature film debut when he directed the Warner Brothers action film Torque starring Ice Cube. In May 2007 it was announced that he would direct a $70 million adaptation of William Gibson's science fiction classic, Neuromancer for producer Peter Hoffman.
This is all of his contemporary music video in the last 5 years:

2005
· Joss Stone - "Spoiled"
· Rob Thomas - "Lonely No More"
· Jamiroquai - "Feels Just Like It Should"
· Backstreet Boys - "Incomplete"
· Kelly Clarkson - "Behind These Hazel Eyes"
· Alsou - "Always on My Mind"

2006
· Kelly Clarkson - "Walk Away"
· Shayne Ward - "No Promises"
· The Pink Spiders - "Little Razorblade"
· Muse - "Knights of Cydonia"
· Ciara featuring Chamillionaire - "Get Up"
· Janet Jackson - "So Excited"
· Gwen Stefani - "The Sweet Escape"

2007
· Kelly Clarkson - "Never Again"
· 50 Cent feat. Justin Timberlake and Timbaland - "Ayo Technology"

2008
· Ladytron - "Ghosts"
· Chris Brown - "Forever"
· Pussycat Dolls - "When I Grow Up"
· Britney Spears - "Womanizer"
· Pussycat Dolls - "I Hate This Part"

2009
· Lady GaGa - "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)"
· Lady GaGa - "LoveGame"
· BoA - "I Did It for Love"
· Katy Perry - "Waking Up in Vegas"
· Eminem - "We Made You"
· Kelly Clarkson - "Already Gone"
· Ester Dean feat. Chris Brown - "Drop It Low"
· Sun Ho - "Fancy Free"
· Chris Brown Featuring Lil Wayne and Swizz Beatz - "I Can Transform Ya"
· Chris Brown - "Crawl"

His Audiences response

His work has won him critical acclaim in just a few short years. He was voted by Variety as one of the top 10 directors to watch.

In 2004, he made his feature film debut with the Warner Brothers tongue in-cheek action film TORQUE. Starring Martin Henderson and Ice Cube, the guilty pleasure motorcycle movie was a modern riff on Roger Corman popcorn flicks.

Said Kevin Thomas of the Los Angles Times: "The irony is that for pure cinematic artistry it arguably outdistances some of the more prestigious current offerings. It is a very knowing venture, marking the feature debut of music video veteran Joseph Kahn."

References used

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kahn
http://www.josephkahn.com/biography/1103.xml
http://www.josephkahn.com/music/index.xml
http://www.avid.com/showcase/joseph-kahn-indie-filmmaker.asp